p38 MAPK Activator

Dinitramine is a herbicide. Dinitramine activates the Erk/P38/JNK/MAPK pathway and inactivates the PI3k/Akt pathway in testicular cells. Dinitramine induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, apoptosis, and downregulated expression of cell cycle genes in testicular cells. Dinitramine reduces the viability and proliferation capacity of testicular cells, and inhibits cell division by suppressing the synthesis of tubulin. Dinitramine induces abnormal heart development, inhibited angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and impaired embryonic growth in zebrafish embryos.

MRS2690 is a selective P2Y14 receptor agonist. MRS2690 inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, thereby reducing intracellular cAMP levels and mediating concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of porcine coronary arteries. MRS2690 induces intracellular calcium mobilization, activates P38 and stimulates [³⁵S]GTPγS binding to RBL-2H3 cell membranes. MRS2690 enhances antigen (NP-BSA)-, C3a-induced β-hexosaminidase (β-Hex) release. MRS2690can be used for ischemic heart disease.

Isosalvianolic acid C is a naturally derived phenolic compound that acts as a signal modulator, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitor. Isosalvianolic acid C induces the phosphorylation of PLC-γ, IP3R, PKC, and P38, triggering Ca²⁺ mobilization, degranulation, and chemokine release. Isosalvianolic acid C activates MRGPRX2 and its murine homolog MrgprB2, leading to pseudo-allergic reactions in vivo. Isosalvianolic acid C inhibits Cu²⁺-induced LDL peroxidation. Isosalvianolic acid C can be used in studies related to pseudo-allergy, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

Sudachitin is an orally active compound that potently inhibits mouse PDE1C and human PDE4B, with IC₅₀ values of 5.0 μM and 15.0 μM, respectively. Sudachitin upregulates Sirt1 and PGC‑1α expression in skeletal muscle to regulate energy metabolism and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Sudachitin improves lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and fatty acid β‑oxidation. Sudachitin activates p38MAPK signaling, induces HSP27 phosphorylation and caspase‑dependent apoptosis, and blocks EGF‑driven keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Sudachitin suppresses LPS‑induced TNF‑α, NO, and iNOS expression in macrophages and shows potent anti‑inflammatory activity. Sudachitin can be used for the research of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and psoriasis..

(±)-Iroxanadine (BRX 005; BRX 235), a vasculoprotector, is a p38 kinase and HSP protein activator. (±)-Iroxanadine has the potential for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases research.

Varenicline (Tartrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Varenicline (Tartrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Varenicline (CP 526555) is an orally active partial agonist of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2 nAChR, IC₅₀ = 250 nM), which is the principal mediator of nicotine dependence. Varenicline is also a partial agonist of α6β2 nAChR and a full agonist of α6β2 nAChR. Varenicline blocks the direct agonist effects of nicotine on nAChR while stimulates nAChR in a more moderate way, being widely used as an aid of smoking cessation.

ML-7 is a selective and highly specific myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor that acts as a trabecular meshwork (TM) relaxant. ML-7 enhances Quinocetone (HY-123581)-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK, attenuates Akt activation, and promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ML-7 reduces Th2 cytokine secretion by inhibiting MLCK, while alleviating smooth muscle hyperplasia and collagen deposition. As a non-antibiotic adjuvant, ML-7 restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant bacteria to Tigecycline (HY-B0117). ML-7 can be used in research related to glaucoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, asthma, and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Muramyl dipeptide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Muramyl dipeptide (HY-127090). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is a NLRP1 agonist.

7-Ketocholesterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 7-Ketocholesterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7-Ketocholesterol is an oxidation product of cholesterol, widely present in atherosclerotic plaques, and has a stronger atherogenic effect than cholesterol. 7-Ketocholesterol can inhibit the rate-limiting enzymes involved in bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, such as cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase. 7-Ketocholesterol exhibits pro-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro and can induce cell apoptosis (apoptosis).

Iroxanadine (BRX 005) hydrochloride is a vasculoprotector. Iroxanadine is a p38 kinase and HSP protein dual activator. Iroxanadine hydrochloride has the potential for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases research.

L-Quebrachitol is a methoxy analog of inositol that can be isolated from plants. L-Quebrachitol has free-radical scavenging, gastroprotection, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-diabetic activity. L-Quebrachitol promotes osteoblastogenesis by uppregulation of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38α), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

p-Cresol sulfate-d₄ (potassium) is deuterium labeled p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium). p-Cresyl sulfate potassium is a uremic toxin that binds to a prototype protein. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium has pro-inflammatory activity.

Cantharidic acid is a selective inhibitor for protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Cantharidic acid inhibits cell viability and arrest cell cycle at sub G1 phase, induces apoptosis in cells NPC-39 and HONE-1 through the upregulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 pathway.

Pinoresinol dimethyl ether (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pinoresinol dimethyl ether (HY-N2180). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) is a non-phenolic furanoid lignin. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether can be isolated from Magnolia biondii. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether activates MAPK, PKC, and PKA upstream pathways and inhibits NO levels. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether has neuroprotective activity.

Histamine-d₄ (Ergamine-d₄) is deuterium labeled Histamine (HY-B1204). Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.

C16-PAF (Standard) is the analytical standard of C16-PAF. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.

Lambertellin is an effective antibiotic that can be used as a bactericide and as a fungicide. Lambertellin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by modulating the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

3-AP-Me is a dimethyl derivative of the nucleotide reductase inhibitor 3-AP (SML0568). 3-AP-Me can activate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway by promoting the phosphorylation of eIF2α and increasing the gene expression of transcription factors ATF4 and ATF6, leading to cell apoptosis. Additionally, 3-AP-Me can activate the stress kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. 3-AP-Me also leads to the upregulation of the spliced mRNA variant XBP1, can be used in cancer research.

Complex I-IN-1 is a novel fungicide that acts as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Complex I-IN-1 regulates oxidoreductase activity, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, methionine metabolism, and the MAPK signaling pathway in Blumeria graminis. Complex I-IN-1 is applicable to research related to wheat powdery mildew.

Iroxanadine hydrobromide (BRX 005) is a vasculoprotector. Iroxanadine is a p38 kinase and HSP protein dual activator. Iroxanadine hydrobromide has the potential for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases research.